introduction

1. Introduction. The role of organic compounds in the synthesis of semi-products and the creation of new materials on their basis

During last decades the organofluorine compounds chemistry had gained a rather high rating due to its wide range of practical use. For example we'll point out the problems of ozone-safe compounds and artificial blood substitutes. The modern conception of researches reaching the level of international cooperation is being formed. Today it is a question of working out the uniform approaches to studying of fundamental bases of organic framework perfluorination influence on its physical and chemical characteristics.

It's natural because at every stage of technical progress the role and direction of fundamental researches to a great extent is initiated by society’s needs in new materials, which are impossible without creation of fundamentally new materials with advanced consumer characteristics, which are able to work in much more severe conditions. In this regard fluorine-containing materials have an exceptionally important role, they can't be found in nature but they are able to bring into molecules new fundamentally different from other elements characteristics. However the understanding of functional changes in the structure of organic molecule at introduction the fluorine atoms into it is not sensible and deep enough. How do the fluorine atoms influence the characteristics of molecule in whole? How do such compounds function in the organism of animal and man? How do they influence the vital functions of plants? Nevertheless the scientific approaches allowing to evaluate these questions and give a definite explanation has been already created. The production of fluorocontaining materials depends not only on the level of our knowledge but also on perspective of practical using, which is determined by the development of technical progress. The correct placing of prioties, the choice of key base compounds as a basis for production of materials, the perfection of technological decisions determines to great extent the tasks of production. Their solution allows to satisfy the needs of society on the base of basic materials fast.

The development of methods of obtaining of organic compounds with certain structure and specific characteristics is one of the central problems of organic chemistry. This is particularly important conformably to new classes of organic compounds, where nowadays the information regarding their characteristics which is available may be limited or inessential. Because of this the organic compounds, containing fluorine atoms, require rapt attention and conduction of wide researches owing to their specific influence that fluorine atoms have on characteristics of these compounds [1,2]. For the past years the understanding of fluorine compounds characteristics uniqueness has increased and many new tendencies of using appeared. The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic compounds is of big scientific and practical interest when creating new high-performance biologically active compounds and materials, possessing unique properties [3]. It is stated that these compounds posses many important aspects for practical application. The conduction of these researches has noticeably improved synthetic fluorine chemistry: plenty of new reagents and methods of synthesis were developed.

In the view of practice it is very important for synthesis methods of necessary fluorocontaining compounds with certain functional fragments to be noted for the simplicity of carrying out the process regarding reagents as well as conducting technique, for the good reproducibility, yields high enough and regio-selectivity. This is a guarantee of finding a way for study of chemical characteristics of new synthesized compounds as well as discovering of their application perspectives. In particular new materials, possessing the complex of unusual characteristics, enhancing the organic system itself are the most important task for synthetics chemists.

The author realizing that to cover all the tendencies of synthesis of fluorocontaining hexavalent sulfur derivatives is impossible concentrated his attention on systems, containing perfluoroalkylsulfonyl groups as substitutes.
Perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids are widely used in organic synthesis and their salts as intermediates in surface active compounds synthesis. Perfluorinated derivatives of alkanesulfonic acids are able to form stable foam even in the presence of strong oxidant like concentrated chrome and sulphuric acid [4]. Due to this characteristic they are efficiently used as additives for electrolytes at electrochemical refining of nickel and chrome. Surfactants on the basis of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids are very efficient agents, lowering the surface tension (to 15 din/cm). Low concentrations necessary for such efficiency of these surfactant give big advantages in respect to environment. These compounds decrease the surface energy of plastics and add characteristics for unfriction, inadhesiveness and antisoiling properties to the compounds. Such solutions are produced in commercial quantities and have found an application for practice. Perfluorinated bi-functional organic acids are rather strong ones and can be potentially used for creating of ingredients of electrolytes of fuel elements, particularly lithium batteries and accumulators.

The organization of surface active materials production on base of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids will allow to obtain the characteristics noticeably higher than such ones for perfluorinated carboxylic acids which field of application is now huge and growing all the time. These surface active materials will find their application as new extracting materials and metal-dressing for non-ferrous metallurgy, for creation of fire-fighting compositions, they also can be used during electrofining of metals, creation of effective detergents, high-temperature lubricants, for natural materials treatment particularly cotton and cellulose for the purpose of their incombustibility, in the technology of semiconductor devices for the purpose of lowering the surface tension of liquids.

Perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid is one of the strongest acid and it is successfully used as catalyst of different chemical processes, at that in a number of cases and new reactions. For example, as catalyst for reactions of allyltributyltin with carbonyl compounds, giving homoallyl alcohols [5].

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is resistant to fluorine action, that is used for conducting of the direct fluorination process of aromatic compounds [6].
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